نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست، گروه مدیریت، برنامه ریزی و آموزش محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست، گروه مدیریت، برنامه ریزی و آموزش محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار مدیریت، برنامه‌ریزی و آموزش محیط‌زیست، گروه مدیریت، برنامه ریزی و آموزش محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
4 کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی شهری، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
Study of Environmental Criterias for Site Selection of Automall Construction
Zahra Ghorbaninia[1]
Vahid Nikzad[2]*(Corresponding Author)
Mohammad Javad Amiri [3]
Arezoo Ghorbaninia [4]
Abstract
Urban development along with advances in technology and industry, In addition to the change in countenance and body of the city, have a shift in the cultural, social, economic of citizens. These fundamental changes, cause increased demand and consequently supply of goods and services. . In the meantime, the emergence of problems such as traffic has increased the requires large stores to cover all the needs of citizens. In this regard, thematic markets such as mobile phone markets, carpets, etc., including the latest methods of distribution and sale of products in the field of trade. Now days, including thematic markets in urban settings, is highly regarded both producers and consumers, is Auto Malls. Auto Malls is a place to focus on services and trading account. In addition to focusing on economic transactions, prevents from social, cultural and economic and environmental damage in scattered surfaces throughout the city. This market because of offers extensive services and the rally cars, need to locating the correct and appropriate place to prevent any damage to urban areas or increasing environmental pollution load at the city level. Therefore, in this research with studies of different projects at different levels, Environmental criteria for site selection were selected and then with help of Hierarchy Process (AHP) revealed their importance and were ranked. In this regard three criterias, natural, safety and environmental compatibility were chosen as the main criteria, and natural criteria that consists of the following seven criteria with relative weight 0.528 was determined as the most important criteria in the Auto Mall site selection on the basis of environmental criteria.
Key Words: Urban development, Environmental Criterias, Locating, Hierarchical process (AHP), AutoMall.
Electricity production from living plants
Forouzan Vakili[5]*)Corresponding Author)
Lobat Taghavi [6]
Ebrahim Alaie [7]
Abstract
Limited amounts of fossil fuels and energy sources in addition to their high pollution potential, make it necessary to replace it by renewable sources. The contribution of this kind of energy in the world energy supply system is increasing. In order to worldwide sustainable development, International programs and policies including United Nations programs, has been assigned an essential role to renewable energy sources. So, new technologies inspired on nature, could be developed to produce electricity from sunlight by living plants action and photosynthesis.
It’s based on cooperation and interaction between living plants, bacteria and a microbial fuel cell called Plant- MFC.
In the Plant-MFC, living plants and bacteria were present to convert solar energy into green electricity. Microbial fuel cells could adsorb the energy produced from the reactions take place in rhizosphere by microbial actions and transformed it to the electricity.
The main idea is that living plants produce rhizodeposites, mostly in the form of carbohydrates, and the bacteria convert these rhizodeposits into electrical energy via the fuel cell. This will not only provide the continuous use of solar energy in electricity generation, but also mitigate GHGs and other pollutants emission. In this article, the action of PMFCs in” green electricity” production from living plants, is explained.
Key words: Green electricity, Plant_Microbial Fuel Cell (P_MFC), photo Microbial Fuel Cell (pMFC), Microbial Bio cathode, Rhizodeposite.
Producing Islamshahr Land-Use Maps in 2015 Using Maximum Likelihood and Fuzzy Classification Methods
Sanaz shafiee[8]* (Corresponding author)
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl [9]
Mohammad Rezavani 2
Abstract
Related data to land cover and land use has a great importance for land use planning and land management. Nowadays, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques are the best ways to extract land cover and land use maps as a fundamental map in territory planning. Comparison between maximum likelihood and fuzzy methods to extract land cover maps and satellite images of Islamshahr using OLI Landsat for 2015 is the main objective of this study. To achieve this goal, by applying indispensable pre-processing, implementation and operation of processing images using maximum likelihood and fuzzy thematic map covers and land use algorithm in five classes, including man-made, bare land, agricultural land, orchard, landscape and road have been prepared. The overall accuracy was evaluated and determined by accuracy of the two methods. Based on the results, in both methods, man-made land use accounted for most of the area and the road showed the lowest and results of evaluation have shown that the classification using maximum likelihood algorithm with overall accuracy of 88.10% and kappa coefficient 0.84 compared to fuzzy method with 87.83 accuracy and kappa coefficient 0.83 are much more accurate.
Key words: Islamshahr County, Fuzzy Classification, Remote Sensing, Maximum Likelihood.
MicroalgalBiodiversity as a Biotechnology and Environmental Potential
Maryam Akhoundian [10]*(Corresponding Author)
Seyed Danial Mirhasannia [11]
Abstract
Microalgae is a group of highly versatile aquatic plants that nowadays have achieved a wide range of applications in the science of biotechnology. These microscopic photosynthesizers, despite performing an effective role in the oxygen production on the earth, due to their high distribution and frequency are almost found in the entire ecosystems on the globe. The high nutritional value and even potential of these microscopic plants in the production of bioactive compounds with varied food and medicinal usages, also as primary raw materials for the extraction of sustainable biofuels (biodiesel), besides their application in monitoring and refinement of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides and herbicides; have nestled these small scale plants in the spotlight of the countless researchers worldwide. Although, globally several researches have been focused on the biotechnological potentials of microalgae, but it seems that so far in our country, the considerable efficiency has not been provided to this valuable resource. Therefore, this article is an overview of the microalgal potential to use in modern biotechnology and can attract the attention of researchers to carry out research in this area.
Key words: Microalgae, Biotechnology, Bioactive compounds, environment,Potentialities.
Capturing Landscape Visual Character Using Indicators: Touching Base with Landscape Aesthetic Theory
Sepideh Saeidi [12]*(Corresponding Author)
Sahar Saeidi [13]
Abstract
This paper presents one way that landscape visual character can be captured using indicators derived from nine theory-based concepts related to landscape perception. The paper aims to establish links between landscape aesthetic theory and visual indicators, thus exploring what landscape indicators are really indicating. The steps from abstract visual concepts to measurable visual indicators are described, and links are made to theories of landscape preferences and perception. The focus of the paper is on the application of indicators, including a presentation of the possible data sources of the presented indicators. The paper includes a discussion on the selection of appropriate landscape indicators through a suggested filtering process. The ‘filtering’ will identify a suitable set of visual indicators for application within a specific project or landscape context. The relationships between the concepts and the ability of visual indicators to capture changes in landscape character and other issues related to interpretation are discussed.
Key words: Visual Characters, Landscape Indicators, Landscape Analysis.
The EnvironmentalAttitude andUsing Chemical Toxins among Rice Growers (Case study: Esfivard-shoorab Rural District, Sari County)
Mohammadreza Mahboobi [14]*(Corresponding Author)
mahboobi47@ gmail.com
Hossein Ahmadigorji [15]
Abstract
According to the mission of agricultural extension in reduction of pesticide use on farms, agricultural producers' attitude on the use of pesticides on farms is important. This study aimed to identify the environmental attitude of farmers towards the use of chemical toxins on the farm, based on descriptive and survey research method. The target population in the study consisted 200 rice growers lived in villages of Esfivard-shoorab rural district in central district of Sari County in Mazandaran Province that 130 of them were selected as research samples. Data gathered through a questionnaire and its face validity was confirmed by expert’s panel and the reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.71. Data were analyzed using SPSSwin19 software. The research findings showed that farmers have a moderate to high positive environmental attitude for reducing the use of Chemical toxins on their farm. The correlation test showed that by increasing in agricultural experiment, age, perceive biological control importance, participation in extension classes, farmers have more positive attitude for reducing the use of Chemical toxins on their farm. Also, the compare mean results showed that there is a significant difference between environmental attitudes of chemical toxins usage in terms of the cost of buying chemical toxins used in one crop season. This study recommended continuing educational courses formation with the aim of creating of positive environmental attitudes of reducing chemical toxins in farmers.
Keywords: Environmental Attitude, Use of toxins, Rice growers, Sari County.
Investigation of Environmental Literacy of Central Province PNU students with an Emphasis on Gender and Its Comparison of Islamic and Ecofeminism Perspective
Mahdieh Rezaei [16]*
Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri [17]
Mohammad Reza Sarmadi [18]
Maryam Larijani [19]
Abstract
This article aims to study the level of students` environmental awareness, attitudes, and behaviors in Payame Noor University (PNU) of Markazi province, Iran. The article also investigates the relationship between gender and students` environmental awareness, attitudes, and behaviors and analyses its results by matching Islam and ecofeminism approaches. An applied and descriptive study was performed that for analyze of the results and matching it with both of study perspectives, documentation and research and reviewing of research literature is used. Applying Cochran formula, the sample size consisted of 377 out of 13701 students in Markazi Province PNU. Random sampling method was employed. A questionnaire (4 sections) was administered in trail basis prior to implementation in order to increase the validity and reliability. Descriptive and inferential methods were employed through SPSS to analyze the data. The findings show that students` attitudes and behavior are higher than their awareness. No significant difference is found between male and female students concerning environmental awareness, attitudes, and behaviors.These results are not consistent with the assumptions of Ecofeminism approach, but coordinated with assumptions of Islamic view. So promoting environmental literacy of the general society-women and men- should is considered by strategic planning and policy-makers of environmental education.
Keywords: Environment, Students, Gender, Ecofeminism, Islam.
A Review of the Legal Protection of Conservative Officer, the Missing Link of the Protective Bleak Environment
Abolghasem Ebrahimi [20]
Alireza Hasani [21]
Abolfazl Rahmanisani [22]*(Corresponding Author)
Abstract
Conservative officer who has the responsibility of implementing rules and regulations of hunting, fishing and the protection and improvement of the environment plays in their controlling zone. Considering the importance of this segment of discerning business and oppressed in society. The purpose of this article, an overview of the problems of the profession and the laws protecting.
This review study aimed to evaluate the rule of law is supportive of the conservative officer. Related studies through Google Scholar databases and news sites ISNA, bright, EPA and some books in Persian with keyword conservative officer, environment, environmental law, protective legislation was extracted and examined.
EPA conservative officers in terms of employment law, are civil servants. But with regard to working conditions, a situation similar to the security forces or paramilitary Darnd. According to international standards per 4000 hectares in a natural setting. In conservative officer to protect it while in Iran there for every 40,000 hectares a conservative officer this field of environmental protection has made it difficult for Iranian conservative officers.
The number of conservative officers in the country with a lot of responsibility, are nit enough. Conservative officers always many risks such as armed conflict, living in the desert, mountain, facing booby traps and fire deal. Therefore, the support it should be the government's top priority.
Keywords: Conservative officer, Environment protection laws, Hunting, Wildlife, Ecosystem.
Review of the Indicators of New city Location
Mitra Emami [23]*(Corresponding Author)
Narges Arab [24]
Abstract
New cities are established in order to meet needs such as absorbing population overflow, home provision and many other factors. New cities are planned settlements which have been established in order to solve population and economic problems of metropolises and countries since the beginning of the twentieth century. Orientation to establishing new cities unofficially began from 1985 in assemblies related to city planning of Iran and finally in 1989 it was officially approved shod in Parliament (Majlis). Too many various factors have been involved in successful and unsuccessful condition of such cities from that date on. Choosing place of a new city is one of the most complex space decision-makings which is in domain of decision-making models so called ground compatibility analysis or optimum lands location. Appropriate location studies will have social, cultural and economic consequences in the construction site, moreover laving economic effect on performance of unit that is under construction. It also maintains environmental properties as key factors in determining a place in location problems. In this paper, we will review on the literature of new cities, the process of theirs formation, the importance of locating new cities and indicators of locating new cities.
Keywords: New cities, location, Indicators of Location.
[1]- MSc of Environmental planning, Department of Management, Planning and Education, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
[2] - MSc of Environmental planning, Department of Management, Planning and Education, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.*(Corresponding Author)
[3]- Assistant Professor of Environmental Planning and Management, Department of Management, Planning and Education, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
[4]- MSc of urban planning, Department of urban planning, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran.
[5]- PhD candidate, Department of environment and energy, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
[6]- Assistant professor, Department of environment tand energy, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
[7]- Assistant professor, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran.
1- MSc Student of Evaluation and Feasibility Study of Land, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
[9] - Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
[10]- Assistant Professorin Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.*(Corresponding Author).
[11] - MSc student in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar,Iran.
[12]-PhD of Environmental Sciences- Landuse planning, Department of environmental sciences, Faculty of fisheries and environmental sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources , Golestan, Iran *(Corresponding Author).
[13]-MSc of Environmental Sciences- Landuse planning, Department of environmental sciences, Faculty of fisheries and environmental sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources , Golestan, Iran.
[14]-Associate professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.*(Corresponding Author)
[15] - PhD of Agricultural Extension and Education, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
[16]-Faculty member of Department of Environmental Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
[17]-Associate, Department of Environmental Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
[18]- Professor, Department of Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
[19]- Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
[20]-Public Law PhD , Law college, Semnan Unit, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.
[21]-Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Semnan Unit, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.
[22]-Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health, Health College, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
[23]- MSc in Organic Chemistry, University of Basic Science , Guilan, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
[24] - PhD Student in Civil Engineering, Azad University, Science and research, Tehran, Iran.
)